Tutorial: Engine Models
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Outline
The topics that will be covered in the tutorial are the following:
- Introduction
- Types of Leakage Models
- Types of Cooling Models
- Adding engine models through the ADS Workbench
Introduction
ADSCFD offers users several engine models that can be applied to simulations. The engine models can be broken up into two categories:
- Leakage Models
- Cooling Models
The engine models that pertain to both categories are explained in the following sections. Furthermore, the last section of this tutorial will explain how to add these engine models to a simulation using the ADS Workbench.
Types of Leakage Models
ADSCFD provides three different types of leakage models. They are listed below:
- Cavity Model
- Leading Edge Bleed Flow
- Trailing Edge Bleed Flow
Cavity Model
The Cavity Model is of an active type with the flow through the cavity varying depending on the local pressure gradient. The cavity model uses the following variables:
- Number of knife edge seals
- Knife edge tip clearance
- Average radius value of the tip
- Rotational speed of the seal
Note
Since the flow rate going through the cavity, when using this
model, depends on the local pressure gradient across the blade,
the cavity flow rate will vary as a machine moves up and down
the speedline
This is the recommended method
Leading Edge Bleed Flow
An alternate leakage model that is available is that of the Leading Edge Bleed Flow. This model requires the user to have more information regarding the leakage flow. Also rather than the leakage flow rate varying as a machine is ran up and down the speedline the flow rate will remain constant. It should be noted that the bleed flow can be a negative value. In which case the flow rate will be taken out of the flow path.
The variables required to run this leakage model are the following:
- Bleed Flow Amount
- U Component of Velocity
- V Component of Velocity
- W Component of Velocity
- Flow Temperature
Trailing Edge Bleed Flow
The Trailing Edge Bleed Flow is similar to the Leading Edge Bleed Flow but rather than being located at the leading edge it is located at the trailing edge
Types of Cooling Models
ADSCFD provides three different types of cooling models. They are listed below:
- Leading Edge Cooling Flow
- Trailing Edge Cooling Flow
- Level 1 Cooling
Leading Edge Cooling Flow
The Leading Edge Cooling Flow model allows users to add or extract a specified amount or percentage of the flow at the leading edge. Apart from flow rate the user can specify changes in Total Pressure and Total Temperature. This tool allows users to obtain an adaquate aerodynamic design of turbine blades. The variables used in the model are as follows:
- Mass Flow Added
- Temperature of Added Flow
- Total Temperature % Increase
- Total Pressure % Increase
- Total Pressure % Decrease
Trailing Edge Cooling Flow
The Trailing Edge Cooling Flow serves the same function as the Leading Edge Cooling Flow except that the cooling is added at the trailing edge.
Level 1 Cooling
The last cooling model that is available to users is the Level 1 Cooling model. This model allows the user to specify point sources on the blade that inject flow into the flow field
Adding Engine Models through the ADS Workbench
Engine models can be added to a simulation through the ADS Workbench. This is done through the standard case setup UI. Below are the figures that show the three steps where the engine models are added. The steps are titled as follows:
- OPTIONAL: Engine Model Configuration (Inner Diameter)
- OPTIONAL: Engine Model Configuration (Outer Diameter)
- OPTIONAL: Cooling Configuration
